1) Look at the first page. What is colonialism - also known as cultural imperialism?
European countries conquering undiscovered land. They fought and conquered the native populations and often fought each other for the rights to those lands.
2) Now look at the second page. What is postcolonialism?
Refers less to a time period and more to a critiquing of a school of thought that came before it. Postcolonialism exists to question white patriarchal views with a particular reference to how they relate to race.
3) How does Paul Gilroy suggest postcolonialism influences British culture?
He states that Britain has not faced up to its colonial past and they have not come to terms that they are no longer a global superpower. He also states that "...criminalisation of immigrants and their descendants especially those from the Caribbean and South Asia signifies a melancholic response to these social and political groups that are essential to late modern British life."
4) What is 'othering'?
Othering is the phenomenon whereby we identify something as being different from, or alien to our social identity.
5) What examples of 'othering' are provided by the article?
It has been proved to be very useful where it was used in a political campaign by Nigel Farage in the 2016 referendum. Tabloids such as the Daily Express printed 179 anti-migrant stories between 2011 and 2016.
6) What is 'double consciousness'?
For people who are from ethnic minorities but are living in the Western world there may be confusion for them over identity. This confusion is referred to as 'double consciousness.'
7) What are 'racial hierarchies'?
The idea that some races are superior to other ones. In Western culture, people who promote these ideas are usually advocating for white supremacy.
8) What examples from recent media products challenge the idea of racial hierarchies?
Brooklyn Nine-Nine's ‘Moo Moo’ episode from its fourth season, where Lt. Terry Jeffords is racially profiled by another cop. Some shows choose to largely ignore the character’s ethnicity and its impact on their role, such as Nick Fury’s role as director of SHIELD in the Marvel films, striving for a time when a person’s ethnicity doesn’t make a difference to anyone.
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